The variability of food price increment occurs within a short period of time, season, and years. The food demand and price are increased in the recent decade than ever in Ethiopia. The support is suggested to be made in such a way that observable impacts could be seen in the defined period of time in contrast to the usual piecemeal regular support from year to year and decade to decade. International governments and organizations could support the country not only by the provision of credit and donation but also should make sure that the political and economic environment for permitting the intended goals. Overcoming these challenges requires a greater commitment of the governments, nongovernment, and other international organizations to assurance the people’s basic needs and inspire the citizens to commercialize agriculture through improving infrastructures, provision of incentives, and export the agricultural commodities. This is because of the rapid increment of population, change of fertile farmland to construction for the urban dwellers, climate change, decline of available natural resources, inflation of basic needs, young unemployment, political turmoil, and civil conflict (Alemu & Mengistu, 2019 FTF (Feed the Future), 2018 Simane et al., 2016). In the coming decades, ensuring food security for the Ethiopians will face great challenges.

Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. The country has also a great variety of climate and soil types that enables it to grow a diversity of horticultural crops. However, Ethiopia’s current fruit, vegetable, and animal production for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality. It is proximity to Middle East markets is valuable to transport fresh products within a short period of time to the needed destination. The country has a huge labor force and water resources. The country has also ample opportunity in the areas of animal production that ranks first in Africa in the number of livestock heads. Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. Majorly, it focused on the shortage of farmland, climate change, fragmentation and degradation of farmland, unevenly distributed constructions and urbanizations, pests, lack of integration among stakeholders, political instabilities, and its prospects.

Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88% of the country`s GDP.

In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia population 2050